Kurt Johnson

From a Reuters article on Australia's water shortage:

Glenda Way turns on the shower tap and reaches for a bucket, catching drops until the water is warm enough for her wash.

 

Each day for the past year, Way, 58, has collected a bucket of fresh water which she later pours on the parched rose garden of her home north of Australia's largest city of Sydney.

 

"Everyone is doing it," Way told Reuters. "When you get a whole bucket of water from one shower, it makes you realize how much has been going down the drain."
Way is one of a growing army of Australian water misers, who are finding new ways to live with tough restrictions on water use as much of the nation enters its sixth year of drought.

 

Faced with record low dam levels, Australia's major cities have introduced limits on household water use, and city dwellers are sharing the pain of a drought that has devastated rural production and cut 0.5 percent from economic growth.
Householders are responsible for only 9 percent of Australia's water consumption but all major cities, except the rain-drenched tropical northern city of Darwin, have imposed restrictions on water use over the past five year.

Read the whole article.  Again we see city dwellers investing enormous resources (consumer  inconvenience plus the costs to enforce ordinances against car washing etc.) and capital (replanting gardens, installing low-flow fixtures).  Do the math: if Australia reduces household consumption by 20% it will impact total Australian water usage by only 2% - the same impact as reducing use in agriculture and industry by….2%*.  Which do you think is the logical place to invest resources in reducing consumption - targeting millions of households or a few large farming operations?  By the way, Australia is not simply farming for domestic consumption; it exports the majority of the wheat grown domestically and is one of the largest food exporters in the world.  Cutting back the land under cultivation would not only save a lot of time and money for Australia's urban dwellers but might have a huge benefit to low skill agricultural workers in South Asia by increasing agricultural employment and productivity there.

Australia is not alone by any stretch; Philadelphia recently made the news with a local skyscraper trying to install waterless urinals to save 1.6 million gallons per year. This sounds impressive until you again do the math and realize "we" encourage builders to spend $thousands on water saving appliances to save $100 per year in water ($~20 per acre foot for agricultural water * 5 acre feet)**.

*If elasticity is .48 you could accomplish this by raising the price of agricultural water by only 4%.  This doesn't seem unreasonable considering the degree to which agricultural water prices are already subsidized.

** To be fair it can still make sense to install waterless urinals in a new build (not a retrofit) if you value water at the building's marginal cost for water (the city rate).  All I'm saying is that it's insane for state policy to focus on reduction by urban users who already pay a high price rather than by farmers who use 10x as much at a very low price.

Update:   Also see this new report on the Colorado river:

Steadily rising population and increasing urban water demands in the Colorado River region will inevitably result in increasingly costly, controversial, and unavoidable trade-off choices to be made by water managers, politicians, and their constituents.

A significant trend in the quest to meet rising water demand has been the sale, lease, and transfer of agricultural water rights to municipalities, particularly in southern California and Colorado (in Arizona, tribal settlements, with transfers to municipalities, have also been important). With about 80 percent of western U.S. water supplies devoted to irrigated crop production, agricultural water appears to constitute the most important, and perhaps final, large source of available water for urban use in the arid U.S. West. Modest shifts of agricultural water to municipal and industrial uses can do much to help meet increasing urban water demands. At the same time, however, agricultural-urban transfers often entail “third party” effects that include costs for rural communities, ecosystems, and others indirectly dependent on water supplies affected by the transfers.

Boats stranded by the tide near Ha Long, Vietnam

I recently rediscovered that Amazon lists used books on the same page as new ones.  I don't know how this ever slipped off my radar, but buying a used book is a really smart thing to do:

• Usually 50%-95% cheaper than a new copy
• Saves resources by recycling a book rather than making you a new one
• Encourages people who are done with books to pass them on to others who really value that book rather than just letting it sit around unused or gifting it to somebody who doesn't really care about it (but will take it because it's free).  In other words, your books will generally get better utilization if you find a buyer for them instead of just giving them away

So I haven't bothered to sell my old books yet (not worth the time to package/ship them) but I will try to buy used whenever possible.

I just finished the magnificant book Hard Landing; it's a gripping history of the North American airline business through 1996.  The book tells stories about individual CEOs in an engaging way (lots of author interviews) and gives a non-technical account of the evolution of airline strategy over time.  Having read it once quickly to see where all of the characters end up I'll probably re-read parts of the book selectively to make sure I understand what went on.

Other highlights:

• Flashbacks/nostalgia for extremely powerful companies that have disappeared from public consciousness (Braniff, Pan Am, Eastern, People Express, etc.)
• Portraits of leading CEOs with lots of anecdotes about how intense/driven some of them are (apparently when TI/Braniff asked for injunctions from regulators to keep his airline from starting up Herb Kelleher clenched his teeth so hard he cracked 4 molars)
• Characterizations of the politics and organizational dynamics at the top of these companies
• Insight into the regulatory process that is so critical to the airline business
• Marketing insights including price discrimination, product placement on travel agent screens/systems, customer segmentation, rebates, etc.

The book was written in 1996; it seemed pretty recent to me until I realized that in 1996 most people hadn't heard of the internet and the revolutionary development of the online reservations business hadn't taken off.  Having said that anybody who has a passing interest in the history of the airline business should pick up the book. 

Steve and Nardos + the twins visited last weekend.  See the whole album here.